![]() To oppose this view, Goldstein conducted a series of experiments showing that cathode rays emitted light showing little if any Doppler shift and that they could traverse a distance some 150 times the mean free path for molecules at the pressures then being achieved in the discharge tube 3. Sir William Crookes, for example, had suggested that the rays were charged “molecular torrents” rebounding from the cathode. ![]() Further, Goldstein and others showed in 1880 that the rays could be bent by magnetic fields 2 this discovery also gave aid and comfort to those physicists, predominantly British, who believed that the rays were streams of negative particles. But this same discovery cast some doubt on the idea then prevailing among German physicists that the rays consisted of some form of electromagnetic radiation. 1 He was able to demonstrate that they were emitted perpendicularly to the cathode surface, a discovery that made it possible to design concave cathodes to produce concentrated or focused rays, which were useful in a wide range of experiments. In 1876 Goldstein showed that cathode rays could cast sharp shadows. Most of the rest of his work concerned various phenomena occurring in gaseous discharges. He also made significant contributions to the study of cathode rays, which were discovered by Julius Plücker but named by Goldstein. He is now known primarily as the discoverer, in 1886, of “Kanalstrahlen,” as he called them-canal rays or positive rays, as they became known in English. ![]() His first scientific paper was published in 1876, his last over fifty years later.Īlmost all of Goldstein’s published work was on topics which sprang naturally from his lifelong interest in electrical discharges in moderate to high vacuums. He spent most of his exceptionally long professional career as a physicist at the Potsdam observantory. He then went on to the University of Berlin, where he worked with Helmholtz, taking his doctorate in 1881. Berlin, Germany, 25 December 1930)Īfter attending Ratibor Gymnasium, Goldstein spent a year (1869–1870) at the University of Breslau. Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, 5 September 1850 d.
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